Alloxysta turcica Tataroğlu & Katılmış, 2023, a species recently described from Turkey, is now being synonymyzed with A. minuscula Andrews, 1978. This decision is based on MORPHOLOGICAL analysis, which has revealed significant similarities between the two species. The reasons and supporting illustrations for this synonymy are provided.

Galanthus transcaucasicus is a less frequently known species with a high distribution in southern regions of the Caspian Sea in Iran. So far, no precise study has been done on Galanthus transcaucasicus in the literature. This study aimed to collect and introduce the MORPHOLOGICAL and anat omical FEATURES of endemic Galanthus transcaucasicus in detail. Herewit h, 50 Galanthus transcaucasicus accessions of five populations (10 randomly selected plants from each population) were collected from four provinces, including Mazandaran, Guilan, Golestan, and Ardabil, Iran. Twelve MORPHOLOGICAL traits and ten anatomical parameters were measured. The largest flowers were observed in Shirgah population (22.66 and 11.97mm for outer perianth-segments length and width). The tallest stems were recorded in the Shirgah population (243.89 mm). The largest bulb size belonged to the Neka population (19.92 and 14.08 mm of bulb length and diameter, respectively). Anatomical analysis showed that the cells on the lower (abaxial) epidermis were spherical and short. On the upper (adaxial) epidermis, however, they were oblong and strongly elongated. G. transcaucasicus had amphistomatous leaves. The number of stomata on the upper surface was less (0.16 to 0.6 per mm2) than that on the lower surface (3.77 to 9.51 per mm2). Anatomically, there was a significant difference between populations from different regions. The results of this study revealed low variability among G. transcaucasicus accessions, representative of one species’ clone-population structure. Therefore, it seems that the range of environmental conditions in which the species are distributed can play a role in the MORPHOLOGICAL and anatomical FEATURES of Iranian Galanthus transcaucasicus.

Background: Many teeth that are affected with irreversible pulpal lesions can remain with endodontic treatment and keep their function in dental system for years. The most important factor in endodontic therapy is related to chemical and mechanical preparation. Since the most unsuccessful endodontic therapy in mandibular incisor results from unclean root canal, especially the lingual canal, so we performed this study to determine the anatomical and MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES of root canal in mandibular incisors.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study that carried out in-vitro, 340 extracted human mandibular incisors were gathered from Zahedan dental clinics and the access cavity was prepared. Then all the teeth were decalcified and colored with ink. Then they were examined by light microscopy.Results:T hirty four percent of mandibular incisors had one canal and 66% had two canals. The canal type based on Weine classification was: 34% type I, 34% type II, 11% type III and 21% type IV.Conclusion: This study showed that most of mandibular incisors have two canals. So we recommend dentists to examine mandibular incisors carefully while preparing the access cavity.

Ultrasonography is one of the most useful diagnostic tools for human soft tissue and is one of the methods that are in routine use for distinguishing benign and malignant breast tumors.  But its diagnosis is operator dependent. In previous researches texture analysis for solid breast mass classification is used. In those works texture FEATURES of the tumor are used, but sonologists notice to the FEATURES of the surrounding area of the tumors for their diagnosis. In this research as well as the MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES of the mass the FEATURES of the surrounding area of the mass are also considered. MLP neural network is used for classification. 36 breast sonography images are used that 18 of them proved to be benign and 18 of them proved to be malignant through biopsy. The FEATURES are used in different combinations and it is shown that using the texture FEATURES of behind the tumor area and the same depth near the tumor provide meaningful result and also compensate the different adjustments of the systems.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most stressful factors which that inhibit plant growth and distrupt balance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species and antioxidant defense activities of plant. Naphthalene is the main pollutant in the petrochemical industry, which is located on the list of toxic pollutants. In this study to evaluate the effect of Naphthalene on some parameters of oxidative stress and anatomical FEATURES in Helianthus annuus L., an experiment was conducted in a randomized design with three replications in hydroponic culture. Seedlings that grew in normal conditions were transferred to a hydroponic culture, after 14 days of treatment with naphthalene (30, 50 mg/L) they were harvested and their anatomical and biochemical parameters were studied. The results showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, PO, APX) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll a and b increased. Due to naphthalene treatment, reduction of root growth, white spots and necrosis in leaves were observed. Number of stem trichromes was elevated and stem xylem expanded, and in addition there were changes in xylem formation and arrangement in stressed plants.